Hexavalent coronavirus vaccine elicits both humoral and cellular immune responses in mice

Abstract Coronaviruses have caused three deadly human outbreaks over the last 20 years, latest causing COVID-19 pandemic which has now lasted years. The animal reservoir of coronaviruses is extensive, and history shown that are able to crossover from animals humans. Thus, there a clear need for universal coronavirus vaccine. In this study, we produced S1 subunits spike proteins six different fused antibody Fc fragment in HEK293 cells. addition, another protein (CP) High Five™ insect vaccine compositions included either S1-Fc or together with CP, mice were immunized intranasally combination method utilizing both subcutaneous intranasal injections. Our results showed elicited humoral cellular immune responses mice. Antigen-specific IgG levels higher solely but using immunization routes seemed boost responses. As conclusion, all highly immunogenic generated T cell Further studies needed optimize scheme. Additionally future, order better characterize by immunization, nasal associated lymphoid tissue cervical lymph nodes will be collected analyzed. Supported grant Research Foundation Pulmonary Diseases (Finland)